HPUX - Process Control

A UNIX "process" is an instance of a running program

Listing Process : ps, top

{

$ top

System: vm189                                         Thu Jun 22 17:28:09 2017

Load averages: 2.54, 2.72, 3.67

214 processes: 149 sleeping, 65 running

Cpu states:

CPU   LOAD   USER   NICE    SYS   IDLE  BLOCK  SWAIT   INTR   SSYS

 0    2.66   0.2%  99.2%   0.6%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%

 1    2.41   1.8%  96.4%   1.8%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%

---   ----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----  -----

avg   2.54   1.0%  97.8%   1.2%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%   0.0%

System Page Size: 4Kbytes

Memory: 481420K (203968K) real, 858700K (359832K) virtual, 309396K free  Page# 1

/20

CPU TTY     PID USERNAME PRI NI   SIZE    RES STATE    TIME %WCPU  %CPU COMMAND

 1   ?     5072 user7    249 24  4008K   236K run     11:18 61.66 61.55 user7.ou

 1 pts/ts  5287 user6    249 24  4008K   236K run    

.....

}

Starting Process in the Background : cmd.out &

$ cat a.c

main(){

  for(;;);

}

$ cc a.c -o user11.out

$ user11.out &

[1]     4086

Moving Jobs to the Back/Foreground : bg and fg

$ jobs

[5] +  Running                    user11.out &

[4] -  Running                    user11.out &

[3]    Running                    user11.out &

[2]    Running                    user11.out &

[1]    Running                    user11.out &

$ fg %1

user11.out

//ctrl + z

[1] + Stopped                     user11.out &

$ jobs

[1] + Stopped                     user11.out &

[5] -  Running                    user11.out &

[4]    Running                    user11.out &

[3]    Running                    user11.out &

[2]    Running                    user11.out &

Starting Process in the Background : nohup

$ nohup user11.out &

Sending output to nohup.out

[1]     4741

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  4741  4619 246 16:56:45 pts/tm    0:15 user11.out

$ exit

There are running jobs.

$ exit

//re - login

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  4741     1 255 16:56:45 ?         0:23 user11.out

//내 쉘이 종료된후 user11.out 의 부모는 init 프로세스가된다

Termination Processes : kill

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  4741     1 254 16:56:45 ?         1:59 user11.out

$ kill 4741

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  5264  4919  0 17:10:35 pts/tu    0:00 grep user11.out

$ user11.out &

[1]     5409

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  5409  4919 245 17:14:22 pts/tu    0:04 user11.out

  user11  5414  4919  0 17:14:32 pts/tu    0:00 grep user11.out

$ kill -s INT 5409

$

[1] + Interrupt                   user11.out &

$ user11.out &

[1]     5421

$ ps -ef |grep user11.out

  user11  5421  4919 244 17:15:06 pts/tu    0:07 user11.out

$ kill -9 5421

$

[1] + Killed                      user11.out &

Prioritizing Processes: nice

process priorities(HPUX)  0~fg20(bg24)~39

Good ~ Bad (Good 일수록 자주 CPU를 할당받는다)

A(0)  100   (100)AAA(200)     (100)AAA(200)      (100)AAA(200)       

B(20) 150               (130)BBB(200)      (100)BBB(200)       (180)      (160)

C(39) 200               (195)     (190)      (185)      (180)      (175)CCC(170)

//nice와 renice에서 값 감소(cpu사용도 좋아짐) 은 root만이 가능하다.

Scheduling Processes : cron

Use the cron daemon to schedule and automate routine system tasks

/var/adm/cron/cron.allow [사용자의 이름이 있어야 함]

cron Example

min : 분, * 매분 

hour : 시, * 매시

date : 일, * 매일

month : 월, * 매월

day: 요일, * 매요일 [0 일, 1 월, 2 화, ... , 6 토]

command: 반드시 절대경로로 표현, 출력시 기호 > 표준출력지정 [ps -ef | grep cron, then cron's tty is unknown]

{

$ crontab -e

~ vi mode

* * 23 6 * /usr/bin/date >> /home/user11/cron.out # 2017.6.23

//cron files are stored in /var/spool/cron/crontabs/"username"

$ tail -f cron.out

Fri Jun 23 10:46:00 KST 2017

Fri Jun 23 10:47:00 KST 2017

Fri Jun 23 10:48:01 KST 2017

}

Scheduling Process : at

Use the at command to schedule on-time command execution

{

$ at now + 12 hours

mkdir /home/user11/atdir

cp /etc/passwd /home/user11/atdir

date > /home/user11/atdir/at.out

// at은 실행어를 상대경로로 표현가능

5 minutes later ...

$ cd atdir

$ ls

at.out  passwd

$ cat at.out

Fri Jun 23 10:48:13 KST 2017

}